Wednesday, October 30, 2019

How does the distributional role of the state (in income Essay

How does the distributional role of the state (in income redistribution and the alleviation of poverty) conflict with the objective of economic efficiency - Essay Example The market system does not guarantee that everyone will have the same opportunity to accumulate wealth and once an inequality in the distribution of wealth arises it tends to be self perpetuating because wealth can be inherited. (SJ Grant 2000). It is a general characteristic of developing countries that income is unevenly distributed. Partly, because the income generating assets especially land are owned by the few. As a result we can see great extremes of both the rich and the poor. In 1998 for example the World Bank figures show that in Peru the poorest 20% of the population had only 4.4percent of total household income, while the richest 20% had 51.3% of total household income. These great extremes of the rich and the poor mean that in developing countries deprivation is very common. The distribution of income can be examined in two main ways .One is by examining the distribution of income between the factors of production. In this case the wages account for the largest percentage but the share of income has fallen over the years. Another way of examining the distribution of income is to examine how disposable income is distributed. Disposable income mainly consists of incomes that are derived from factor services together with various forms of cash benefits, i.e. social security payments etc . Minus direct taxes i.e. income taxes and national insurance contributions. Two very vital elements in the income of households of distribution are the investment income and the income derived from self employment. The unequal distribution of wealth is a major cause of the inequality in the distribution of income. ‘Gross Inequalities in the distributions of income and wealth lead to feelings of ‘unfairness’ because , quite apart from creating inequalities in living standards , they lead to inequalities of opportunities in living standards ,they lead to inequalities of opportunity. The wealthy can buy

Monday, October 28, 2019

Health Care Communication Paper Essay Example for Free

Health Care Communication Paper Essay Our facility is going to be changing a lot in the weeks and months to come. As the administration of the nursing home, I am going to make sure that this transition happens as smoothly as possible. The patients that have decided to stay must try their hardest to adhere to the new policies that have been set. The patients that have decided to go somewhere else will very greatly missed. The patients who cannot communicate their decision for one reason or another will be placed where the staff and I see fit, whether it be in our facility or somewhere else. This facility wants to ensure all patients and residents that we want to make these changes as painless as possible. Thank all of you for the time you have given the staff and me these last ten years, and for the time you will give in the future. There are three different types of communication in the medical field: traditional communication, electronic communication, communication through social media. There are advantages and disadvantages to each different type of communication. Traditional communication includes speaking face to face and mail (letters). Electronic modes of communication are email phone (home or cell phone), texting, and chatting. Social media involves communicating with several people or just one person at a time using public forums or private messaging through such websites facebook and twitter. Each and every type of communication is equally as important as the other but they all have their own advantages and disadvantages. Traditional forms of communication as simple as can be but they can confuse anyone if every step is not done correctly. You would think that speaking to someone face to face would be the best way to communicate but this is not always the case. Anyone can miscommunicate what they are trying to say. There can be other barriers like language barriers and also emotional barriers. If someone speaks a different language it can be hard to understand them unless there is an interpreter available, which isn’t always possible. Emotional barriers are hard because when health care is involved things can go wrong and people then become angry, sad, and/or tired. When this happens they may not want to listen to or respond to their doctors. Face to face communication is good too because you can ask questions then and there, and receive advice from your physician without having to wait too long. Mail can be very annoying because it can take days or weeks to reach its destination and more days or weeks to receive a response. The only good thing about mail would be that you will have documentation of your physician’s opinions and test results. Traditional communication methods have been around for a long time but times are changing and these types of communication are becoming few and far between. Electronic communication seems to be where most people end up communication, even to our doctors and other health care officials. We call, email, and even text to tell doctors and nurses our health care problems before we even consider actually going to a doctor’s office and speaking to the doctor in person. These communication techniques are good because we can receive answers to our questions also instantly if the health care official isn’t busy. One disadvantage is that someone may not get back to you as soon as you would like; which will leave you at home, wondering what you should do. Electronic communication isn’t exactly the best form of health care because if the doctor cannot actually see the patient and test their symptoms they cannot defiantly tell a patient what is wrong with them. Social media is becoming more and more popular every day because it is a way to keep in touch with people we don’t see every day. It has also become home for all kinds of new and old information, including health care information. This can be a great way to communicate about health care because people can learn new things about health care and medicine every day. People can also communicate with organizations full of doctors and nurses who can teach patients about any news in the health care world and advise patients on how to take care of themselves. This may sound great but there are terrible disadvantages to this type of health care communication. You never know who you are actually speaking to on the internet. What could appear to be an organization of doctors and nurses who want to offer free health care advice could be someone who knows absolutely nothing about medicine. Social media websites are not the best place to look for any sort of medical advice because patients want real help.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Urban Legend of Photos of Hikers on the Appalachian Trail :: Urban Legends

Lost Among the Leaves: Secret Photos of Hikers on the Appalachian Trail This story, which I have named â€Å"Lost in the Leaves†, is a very detailed and place specific version of the unexplained photographs legends. While unexplained photograph legends often involve humorous pictures taken as a practical joke, there is also a darker streak of these legends. These are legends where mysterious photographs reveal just how near a person was to death through photographs developed after the fact. The fear in these is of what could have happened. In this version however, the photographs serve to warn the endangered as well. This urban legend thus allows other interpretations for why the photographs were taken, and shown to the endangered party. I collected this urban legend from a Freshman here at the University. It was told to him as a scary story when he was hiking along the Appalachian trail, about five years ago. Have you ever been on the Appalachian Trail? OK. The man who proposed it had a utopian vision of a long, tenuous string of outposts stretching from Maine to Georgia, such that adventurous young men and women, possibly disenfranchised by society and the economy, could trek from one end of the country to the other sharing each night with similarly disposed adventurers. Each outpost was to consist of dozens of beds, a kitchen, a chess set sitting on the porch. The idea was every traveler should feel at liberty to pursue the trail at whatever speed they desired, with the assurance that wherever their feet took them they would find welcome. Reality falls a little short of this vision -- most of the shelters are actually three-sided cabins with four bunks-- Mouse infested-- But still, finding a structure of obviously human origin in the wilderness is a comforting thing. Sometimes, on the trail, you'll come across an artifact of a previous traveler -- say -- a rope swing -- that is obviously constructed with such care that it seems to carry something of the soul of the person who put it there. I remember once coming to the top of a mountain and finding a meadow that was bare grass except for one tree in the middle -- and from that tree hung a rope swing that looked to have been there for decades. The Appalachian Trail convinces those who follow it of the existence of ghosts. Benevolent ghosts.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Marketing Strategy of Dabur Vatika Hair Oil

1. INTRODUCTION [pic] Dabur India Limited is a leading Indian consumer goods company with interests in Hair Care, Oral Care, Health Care, Skin Care, Home Care and Foods. From its humble beginnings in the bylanes of Calcutta way back in 1884 as an Ayurvedic medicines company, Dabur India Ltd has come a long way today to become a leading consumer products manufacturer in India. For the past 125 years, we have been dedicated to providing nature-based solutions for a healthy and holistic lifestyle. Through our comprehensive range of products, we touch the lives of all consumers, in all age groups, across all social boundaries.And this legacy has helped us develop a bond of trust with our consumers. That guarantees you the best in all products carrying the Dabur name. 1. 1 Dabur India Ltd. – Corporate Profile- Dabur India Ltd is one of India’s leading FMCG Companies with Revenues of US$1 Billion (over Rs 5,000 Crore) & Market Capitalisation of US$4 Billion (Rs 20,000 Crore). Building on a legacy of quality and experience of over 127 years, Dabur is today India’s most trusted name and the world’s largest Ayurvedic and Natural Health Care Company.Dabur India is also a world leader in Ayurveda with a portfolio of over 250 Herbal/Ayurvedic products. Dabur's FMCG portfolio today includes five flagship brands with distinct brand identities — Dabur as the master brand for natural healthcare products, Vatika for premium personal care, Hajmola for digestives, real for fruit juices and beverages and Fem for fairness bleaches and skin care products. Dabur today operates in key consumer products categories like Hair Care, Oral Care, Health Care, Skin Care, Home Care and Foods.The company has a wide distribution network, covering over 2. 8 million retail outlets with a high penetration in both urban and rural markets. Dabur's products also have a huge presence in the overseas markets and are today available in over 60 countries across the globe . Its brands are highly popular in the Middle East, SAARC countries, Africa, US, Europe and Russia. Dabur's overseas revenue today accounts for over 30% of the total turnover. The 125-year-old company, promoted by the Burman family, had started operations in 1884 as an Ayurvedic medicines company.From its humble beginnings in the bylanes of Calcutta, Dabur India Ltd has come a long way today to become one of the biggest Indian-owned consumer goods companies with the largest herbal and natural product portfolio in the world. Overall, Dabur has successfully transformed itself from being a family-run business to become a professionally managed enterprise. What sets Dabur apart from the crowd is its ability to change ahead of others and to always set new standards in corporate governance & innovation. 1. 2. Dabur At-a-Glance | |Dabur India Limited has marked its presence with significant achievements and today commands a market leadership status. Our story of | |success is based on ded ication to nature, corporate and process hygiene, dynamic leadership and commitment to our partners and | |stakeholders. The results of our policies and initiatives speak for themselves. |Leading consumer goods company in India with a turnover of   Rs. 5,283 Crore (FY12),2 major strategic business units (SBU) – Consumer | |Care Business and International Business Division (IBD),2 Subsidiary Group companies – Dabur International and NewU and several step | |down subsidiaries: Dabur Nepal Pvt Ltd (Nepal), Dabur Egypt Ltd (Egypt), Asian Consumer Care (Bangladesh), Asian Consumer Care | |(Pakistan), African Consumer Care (Nigeria), Naturelle LLC (Ras Al Khaimah-UAE), Weikfield International (UAE) and Jaquline Inc. | |(USA). 7 ultra-modern manufacturing units spread around the globe Products marketed in over 60 countries. Wide and deep market | |penetration with  50 C agents, more than 5000 distributors and over | |1. 3 Million retail outlets all over India | |Consumer Care Business addresses consumer needs across the entire FMCG spectrum through four distinct business portfolios of Personal | |Care, Health Care, Home Care  . |1. 4 Master brands | |Dabur – Ayurvedic healthcare products | |Vatika – Premium hair care |Hajmola  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Tasty digestives | |Real – Fruit juices & beverages | |Fem – Fairness bleaches & skin care products | |12 Billion-Rupee brands: Dabur Amla, Dabur Chyawanprash, Vatika, Real, Dabur Red Toothpaste, Dabur Lal Dant Manjan, Babool, Hajmola, | |Dabur Honey, Glucose, Fem and Odonil. Strategic positioning of Honey as food product, leading to market leadership (over 75%) in | |branded honey market. Dabur Chyawanprash the largest selling Ayurvedic medicine with over 65% market share.Vatika has been the | |fastest growing hair care brand in the Middle East. Hajmola tablets in command with 60% market share of digestive tablets category. | |About 2. 5 crore Hajmola tablets are consumed in India every day. Leader in herbal digestives with 90% market share . Consumer Health | |Division (CHD) offers a range of  classical Ayurvedic medicines  and Ayurvedic OTC products that deliver the age-old benefits of | |Ayurveda in modern ready-to-use formats Has more than 300 products sold through prescriptions as well as over the counter.Division | |also works for promotion of Ayurveda through organised community of traditional practitioners and developing fresh batches of | |students. | | | | | |International Business Division (IBD) caters to the health and personal care needs of customers across different international | |markets, spanning Nepal, Bangladesh, the Middle East, North & West Africa, EU and the US  with its brands Dabur & Vatika   | |1. Core Values | |Vision- â€Å"Dedicated to the health and well being of every household† | |Principles-Ownership-This is our company. We accept personal responsibility, and accountability to meet business needs. | |Passion for winning-We all are leaders in our area of responsibility, with a deep commitment to deliver results. We are determined to | |be the best at doing what matters most. |People Development-People are our most important asset. We add value through result driven training, and we encourage & reward | |excellence. | |Consumer Focus-We have superior understanding of consumer needs and develop products to fulfill them better. | |Team Work-We work together on the principle of mutual trust & transparency in a boundary-less organization. We are intellectually | |honest in advocating proposals, including recognizing risks. |Innovation-Continuous innovation in products & processes is the basis of our success. | |Integrity-We are committed to the achievement of business success with integrity. We are honest with consumers, with business partners| |and with each other. | 1. 1. 6 Strategic Intent-We intend to significantly accelerate profitable growth. To do this, we will: †¢ Focus on growing o ur core brands across categories, reaching out to new geographies, within and outside India, and improve operational efficiencies by leveraging technology. Be the preferred company to meet the health and personal grooming needs of our target consumers with safe, efficacious, natural solutions by synthesizing our deep knowledge of ayurveda and herbs with modern science. †¢ Provide our consumers with innovative products within easy reach. †¢ Build a platform to enable Dabur to become a global Ayurvedic leader. †¢ Be a professionally managed employer of choice, attracting, developing and retaining quality personnel. †¢ Be responsible citizens with a commitment to environmental protection. Provide superior returns, relative to our peer group, to our shareholders 7. Company History | | |[pic] | |   | |   | |   |    | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | | | |1884 | |   | |Birth of Dabur | | | |1896 | | | |Setting up a manufacturing plant | | | |Early 1900s | | | |Ayurvedic medicines | | | |1919 | | | |Establishment of research laboratories | | | |1920 | | | |Expands further | | | |1936 | | | |Dabur India (Dr. S. K. Burman) Pvt. Ltd. | | |1972 | | | |Shift to Delhi | | | |1979 | | | |Sahibabad factory / Dabur Research & Development Centre (DRDC) | | | |1986 | | | |Public Limited Company | | | |1992 | | | |Joint venture with Agrolimen of Spain | | | |1993 | | | |Cancer treatment | | | |1994 | | | |Public issues | | | |1995 | | | |Joint Ventures | | | |1996 | | |3 separate divisions | | | |1997 | | | |Foods Division / Project STARS | | | |1998 | | | |Professionals to manage the Company | | | |2000 | | | |Turnover of Rs. ,000 crores | | | |2003 | | | |Dabur demerges Pharma Business | | | |2005 | | | |Dabur acquires Balsara | | | |2005 | | | |Dabur announces Bonus after 12 years | | | |2006 | | | |Dabur crosses $2 Bin market Cap, adopts US GAAP | | | |2006 | | |Approves FCCB/GDR/ADR up to $200 million | | | |2007 | | | |Celebrating 10 years of Real | | | |2007 | | | |Foray into organised retail | | | |2007 | | | |Dabur Foods Merged With Dabur India | | | |2008   | | | |Acquires Fem Care Pharma | | | |2009   | | | |Dabur Red Toothpaste joins ‘Billion Rupee Brand' club | | | |2010   | | | |Dabur makes its first overseas acquisition | | | |2011   | | | |Dabur enters professional skin care market | | | |2011 | | |Dabur India acquires 30-Plus from Ajanta Pharma | | | |2012   | | | |Dabur crosses Billion-Dollar Turnover Mark | | | | | | | | | | | 1. 8 Founder and Leaders |Founding Thoughts â€Å"What is that life worth which cannot bring comfort to others† | |The doorstep ‘Daktar' The story of Dabur began with a small, but visionary endeavour by Dr. S. K. Burman, a physician tucked away in | |Bengal. His mission was to provide effective and affordable cure for ordinary people in far-flung villages. With m issionary zeal and | |fervour, Dr. Burman undertook the task of preparing natural cures for the killer diseases of those days, like cholera, malaria and | |plague.Soon the news of his medicines traveled, and he came to be known as the trusted ‘Daktar' or Doctor who came up with effective | |cures. And that is how his venture Dabur got its name – derived from the Devanagri rendition of Daktar Burman. Dr. Burman set up Dabur | |in 1884 to produce and dispense Ayurvedic medicines. Reaching out to a wide mass of people who had no access to proper treatment. Dr. | |S. K. Burman's commitment and ceaseless efforts resulted in the company growing from a fledgling medicine manufacturer in a small | |Calcutta house, to a household name that at once evokes trust and reliability. | |1. 9. Milestones- Dabur India Ltd. made its beginnings with a small pharmacy, but has continued to learn and grow to a commanding status| |in the industry.The Company has come a long way in popularizing and making easily available a whole range of products based on the | |traditional science of Ayurveda. And Dabur has set very high standards in developing products and processes that meet stringent quality| |norms. As it grows even further, Dabur will continue to mark up on major milestones along the way, setting the road for others to | |follow†¦ Milestones To Success. | 1. 10. Company Details Dabur Group With a basket including personal care, health care and food products, Dabur India Limited has set up subsidiary Group Companies across the world that can manage its businesses more efficiently.Given the vast range of products, sourcing, production and marketing have been divested to the group companies that conduct their operations independently: [pic][pic][pic]  [pic] [pic][pic] Dabur Worldwide |[pic] | |Dabur's mission of popularizing a natural lifestyle transcends national boundaries. Today, there is growing global awareness on alternative | |medicine, nature-based and holistic lifestyles and an interest in herbal products. Dabur has been in the forefront of popularizing this | |alternative way of life, marketing its products in more than 60 countries all over the world.Over the years, Dabur's overseas business has | |successfully transformed from being a small operation into a multi-location business spreading through the Middle East, North Africa, West Africa| |and South Asia. | |Our Products Worldwide- We have spread ourselves wide and deep to be close to our overseas consumers. Our overseas product portfolio is | |tailor-made to suit the needs and aspirations of our growing consumer base in the international markets. Offices and representatives in Europe, | |UK, America and Africa . A special herbal health care and personal care range successfully selling in markets ranging from the Middle East, Far | |East, North Africa and Europe.Inroads into several European and American markets that have good potential due to resurgence of the | |back-to- nature movement. Export of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), manufactured under strict international quality benchmarks, to | |Europe, Latin America, Africa, and other Asian countries. Export of food and textile grade natural gums, extracted from traditional plant | |sources. Partnerships & Production- Strategic partnerships with leading multinational food and health care companies to introduce innovations in | |products and services. Six modern manufacturing facilities spread across South Asia, Middle East and Africa to optimise production by utilising | |local resources and the most modern technology available. | |1. 11.Manufacturing Facilities in India- | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | |1. 12 CEO OF DABUR- | |[pic] | | | |Mr.Sunil Duggal took over as the Chief Executive Officer of Dabur India Limited in June 2002, holding reins of the organization he joined in | |1995. Mr Duggal started his career as a management trainee in Wimco Limited in 1981 after getting his E ngineering Degree (Electrical & | |Electronics) from BITS, Pilani, and Business Management from IIM, Calcutta. His stint at Wimco continued till 1994, with a break in between when | |he joined Bennett Coleman & Co. Ltd for a short period. In 1994, he moved to Pepsi Foods as GM, | | | |Sales Operation.In 1995, he joined the Dabur family as General Manager (Sales & Marketing) of the Family Products Division with products like | |Dabur Amla, Lal Dant Manjan and Vatika in his portfolio. This Division spearheaded the spectacular growth recorded by Dabur in this period. | |Vatika was also launched during this period and is now the Company's second biggest brand. With his dynamic spirit and leadership abilities, he | |soon became Vice-President and SBU-Head of the Family Products Division. In July 2000 Mr. Duggal was appointed Director Sales and Marketing of | |Dabur India Limited. And in 2002, he became the CEO of the Company – a professional with valuable experience to steer the company ahead in its | |growth plans. | |Spanning a career of over 20 years, Mr.Sunil Duggal has travelled widely across India and handled diverse portfolios that have helped him | |understand the dynamics of FMCG businesses and market trends. He is well versed in the intricacies of India's regional diversities and consumer | |needs. Mr. Duggal lives in Delhi with his wife and one child. Whenever he gets a break from his official responsibilities, Mr. Duggal likes to | |spend time at home with his family and an occasional round of golf. | |1. 13. Corporate Governance- Good corporate governance and transparency in actions of the management is a key to a strong bond of trust with the | |Company’s stakeholders. Dabur understands the importance of good governance and has constantly avoided an arbitrary decision-making process.Our | |initiatives towards this end include: -Professionalization of the board | |Lean and active Board (reduced from 16 to 10 members) | |Less number of p romoters on the Board | |More professionals and independent Directors for better management | |Governed through Board committees for Audit, Remuneration, Shareholder Grievances, Compensation and NominationsMeets all Corporate Governance | |Code requirements of SEBI | |1. 14. Corporate Citizenship- When our Founder Dr. S. K. Burman first established Dabur, he had a vision that saw beyond the profit motive. In his| |words, â€Å"What is that life worth which cannot bring comfort to others? † This ideal of a humane and equitable society led to initiatives taken to | |give back some part of what Dabur has gained from the community.Our major initiatives in the Social sector include: Establishment of the | |Sustainable Development Society, or Sundesh, in 1993 – a non-profit organization to promote research and welfare activities in rural areas; | |Promoting health and hygiene amongst the underprivileged through the Chunni Lal Medical Trust; and Organizing the Plant for Life programme for | |schoolchildren – to create environmental awareness amongst young minds. Our commitment to Environment- Ancient wisdom of conservation- From times| |immemorial, Indian sages and men of wisdom have understood and appreciated the value of nature and its conservation. Our ancestors recognized | |that if we grabbed from nature beyond what was healthy, it would lead to all round degradation, and even the extinction of humanity. That is why | |nature was sanctified and worshipped in the form of gods and goddesses. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1. 15 Dabur upholds the tradition | |Today, we at Dabur also value nature's bounty. Without the fruits of nature, the vision of Dabur would never have been fulfilled. And that is the| |reason for our unfailing commitment to ecological conservation and regeneration.We would like to follow the principles of our ancient texts, | |which say: â€Å"Dehi me dadami te† – â€Å"you give me, and I give yo u†. | | | | | | | |1. 16 Back to Nature | | | |Rare herbs and medicinal plants are our most valuable resource, from which all our products are derived.Due to overexploitation of these | |resources and unsustainable practices, these plants and herbs are fast reaching the point of extinction. In view of this critical situation, | |Dabur has initiated some significant programmes for ecological regeneration and protection of endangered plant species. | | | | | | | |1. 17 Plants for Life | | | |We have set up the â€Å"Plants for Life† project in the mountainous regions of the Himalayas.Under the project, a high-tech greenhouse facility has | |been set up for developing saplings of rare and endangered medicinal plants. Fully computer-controlled and monitored, this greenhouse maintains | |the highly critical environmental parameters required for their survival. We are also developing quality saplings of more than 20 herbs, 8 of | |them endangered, through micro propag ation. In addition, satellite nurseries spread across mountain villages and contract cultivation of | |medicinal herbs helps in maintaining the ecological balance. These measures have also helped provide local cultivators the scientific knowledge | |for harvesting herbs and a steady source of income.So that they are not forced to exploit the environment to earn a livelihood. | | | | | | | |1. 18 Living a Green Heritage | | | |These are significant steps that can contribute to a better world for coming generations. To whom we would like to bequeath a world not bereft of| |nature. But full of flowering and fruit bearing trees, animals, birds and humans living in good health and complete harmony. |IT Initiatives | |At Dabur India Limited, knowledge and technology are key resources which have helped the Company achieve higher levels of excellence and | |efficiency. Towards this overall goal of technology-driven performance, Dabur is utilizing Information Technology in a big way. Thi s will help in| |integrating a vast distribution system spread all over India and across the world. It will also cut down costs and increase profitability. | |Our major IT Initiatives-Migration from Baan and Mfg ERP Systems to centralized SAP ERP system from 1st April 2006 for all business units. | |Implementation of a country wide new WAN Infrastructure for running centralized ERP system. Setting up of new Data Centre at KCO Head Office. |Extension of Reach System to distributors for capturing Secondary Sales Data. Roll out of IT services to new plants and CFAs. | |Future Challenges-Forward Integration of SAP with Distributors and Stockists. Backward Integration of SAP with Suppliers. Implementation of new | |POS system at Stockist point and integration with SAP-ERP. Implementation of SAP HR and payroll. SAP Roll-out to DNPL and other new businesses. | | | | | |1. 20 Sustainability Report- | |At Dabur, environment and nature is the lifeline of our business.With a portfolio of Ay urveda and nature-based products, conservation of nature | |& natural resources is deep rooted in our organizational DNA, and in every aspect of our ever-growing business. We, at Dabur, have not merely | |incorporated the concept of sustainability into the core of our business but have, in fact, expanded it to encompass our aspirations and | |responsibilities to the society and to the environment. It is this concept that inspires us to optimize our business performance to tackle the | |new and growing challenges of environment and technology. It is a concept on which we aspire to build an organization that will continue to | |increase value for all our stakeholders for generations to come, hrough intensive focus on Conservation of Energy and Technology Absorption, | |along with Health, Safety and Environment Protection. | |1. 21. Conservation of Energy- | |Dabur has been undertaking a host of energy conservation measures. Successful implementation of various energy conservation pro jects have | |resulted in a 13. 8% reduction in the Company’s energy bill in the 2008-09 fiscal alone. What was noteworthy was the fact that this reduction has | |come despite an 8-9% volume increase in manufacturing, and an average 11. 7% increase in cost of key input fuels .The host of measures – key among| |them being use of bio-fuels in boilers, generation of biogas and installation of energy efficient equipment – helped lower the cost of | |production, besides reduce effluent and improve hygiene conditions & productivity. | |[pic] | |1. 22. Technology Absorption | |Dabur has also made continuous efforts towards technology absorption and innovation, which have contributed towards preserving natural resources. | |These efforts include: Minimum use of water in process by pre-concentration of herbal extract and reduction in concentration time.Uniform | |heating in VTDs by hot water as against steam earlier, resulting in 30% reduction in bulk wastage by using n on-stick coating and formulation | |change. Improvement in water treatment plant through introduction of RO (Reverse Osmosis) system for DM water, reutilization of waste water from | |pump seal cooling and RO reject waste-water management. Introduction of water efficient CIP system with recycling of water in fruit juice | |manufacturing. Development of in-house technology to convert fruit waste into organic manure by using the culture Lactobacilus burchi. The | |Company has achieved a host of significant benefits in terms of product improvement, cost reduction, product development, import substitution, | |cleaner environment and waste disposal, amongst others. | | |1. 23. Health Safety & Environmental Review | |Renewing the commitment to Health Safety and Environment, Dabur has formulated a policy focusing on People, Technology and Facilities. A | |dedicated â€Å"Safety Management Team† has also been put in place to work towards the prevention of untoward incidents at the c orporate and unit | |level, besides educate & motivate employees on various aspects of Health, Safety and Environment. The Company is also continuously monitoring its| |waste in adherence with the pollution control norms.In pursuance of its commitment towards the society, efforts have also been initiated to | |conserve and maintain the ground water level. The efforts include implementation of rainwater harvesting, which has delivered encouraging results| |and has put the company on the path to becoming a Water-Positive Corporation. Dabur also initiated a Carbon Foot Print Study at the unit level | |with an aim to become a carbon positive Company in years to come. At Dabur, we are committed to sustainable development throughout our diverse | |operations. And, we will strive to translate the good intentions into concrete and lasting results, contributing to the ultimate good of the | |society. | | | | | | | | | | | | |   | 1. 24. PRODUCT LINE Foods: †¢ Real †¢ Real A ctiv †¢ Hommade †¢ Lemoneez †¢ Capsico Health Care: ? Baby Care †¢ Dabur Lal Tail †¢ Dabur Baby Olive Oil †¢ Dabur Janma Ghunti ? Health Supplements †¢ Dabur Chyawanprash †¢ Dabur Glucose D ? Digestives †¢ Hajmola Yumstick †¢ Hajmola Mast Masala †¢ Anardana †¢ Hajmola Hajmola Candy Fun2 †¢ Hajmola Candy †¢ Pudin Hara (Liquid and Pearls) †¢ Pudin Hara G †¢ Dabur Hingoli ? Natural Cures †¢ Shilajit Gold †¢ Nature Care †¢ Sat Isabgol †¢ Shilajit †¢ Ring Ring †¢ Itch Care †¢ Backaid †¢ Shankha Pushpi †¢ Dabur Balm †¢ Sarbyna Strong Personal Care: ? Hair Care Oil †¢ Amla Hair Oil †¢ Amla Lite Hair Oil †¢ Vatika Hair Oil †¢ Anmol Sarson Amla ? Hair Care Shampoo †¢ Anmol Silky Black Shampoo †¢ Vatika Henna Conditioning Shampoo †¢ Vatika AntiDandruff Shampoo †¢ Anmol Natural Shine Shampoo Oral Care: †¢ Dabur Red Gel â € ¢ Dabur Red Toothpaste †¢ Babool Toothpaste †¢ Dabur Lal Dant Manjan †¢ Dabur Binaca Toothbrush Skin Care †¢ Gulabari Vatika Fairness Face Pack Ayurvedic Specialties †¢ Ayurveda †¢ Ayurveda Vikas 1. 25 Rural and urban potential Rural-urban profile OVERVIEW OF FMCG SECTOR IN INDIA- The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy with a total market size in excess of US$ 13. 1 billion. It has a strong MNC presence and is characterized by a well-established distribution network, intense competition between the organized and unorganized segments and low operational cost. Availability of key raw materials, cheaper labour costs and presence across the entire value chain gives India a competitive advantage. The FMCG market is set to treble from US$ 14. billion in 2008 to US$ 33. 4 billion in 2015. Penetration level as well as per capita consumption in most product categories like jams, toothpaste, skin care, hair wash etc in India is low indicating the untapped market potential. Burgeoning Indian population, particularly the middle class and the rural segments, presents an opportunity to makers of branded products to convert consumers to branded products. Growth is also likely to come from consumer ‘upgrading' in the matured product categories. With 200 million people expected to shift to processed and packaged food by 2010, India needs around US$ 28 billion of investment in the food-processing industry.India is one of the largest emerging markets, with a population of over one billion. India is middle class base of 300 million. Around 70 per cent of the total households in India (188 million) reside in the rural areas. The total number of rural households is expected to rise from 145 million in 2007 one of the largest economies in the world in terms of purchasing power and has a strong -08 to 153 million in 2009-10. This presents the largest potential market in the world. The annual size of the rural FMCG ma rket was estimated at around US$ 14. 5 billion in 2007-08. With growing incomes at both the rural and the urban level, the market potential is expected to expand further. |Urban |Rural | |Population 2007-08 (mn household) |53 |145 | |Population 2009-10 (mn household) |69 |153 | |% Distribution (2007-08) |28 |72 | |Market (Towns/Villages) |3,768 |627,000 | |Universe of Outlets (mn) |1 |3. 3 | Source: Statistical Outline of India (2008-09), NCAERAn average Indian spends around 40 per cent of his income on grocery and 8 per cent on personal care products. The large share of fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) in total individual spending along with the large population base is another factor that makes India one of the largest FMCG markets. [pic] 1. 26 Product Profile- Overview of VATIKA The Vatika brand was launched in 1995 with Vatika Hair Oil as its first product. In the very first year of its launch it crossed Rs. 100 million in turnover. Over the years, Vatika has come to be amo ngst the company’s highest selling brands. It was joined in 1997 by Vatika Henna Cream Conditioning Shampoo and later, in 2000, by Vatika Anti-Dandruff Shampoo.In 2003, brand sales crossed Rs. 1,000 million. From the company’s perspective, Vatika is expected to continue to drive its growth in the years to come. With its innovative offerings, the brand aims to become a frontrunner in the market for hair care and skin care products. Vatika is a comparatively young brand but is already acknowledged for the qualitatively influential and pioneering role that it has played in the evolution of the categories it has had a presence in. Currently, the total annual sales of Vatika products are over Rs. 1,000 million. Of this, Vatika Hair Oil enjoys a 6. 4% market share in the coconut hair oil category (Source: ACNielsen ORG-MARG, 2007).Vatika has not just been successful in garnering a premium image but, today, stands as the preferred and trusted brand of 11. 1 million users (Sou rce: IRS Household Data). STP Analysis of Vatika hair oil Segmentation vatika Hair Oil was launched at an almost 100% premium to the market leader. This meant that the segment of the market that dabur wanted to cater to was the premium segment which valued nourishment of the hair above the price and it tried to attend to that segment which was not price sensitive. Targeting This was in line with its proposition and overall brand strategy of a premium up-market product targeted for individual needs as opposed to the collectivist culture of the category. It targeted the high-income urban category of hair oil users.Since the product was expensive it could mainly cater to the urban market as opposed to the rural market where consumers are highly price sensitive. Being positioned as having amla, henna and lemon extracts, the product was targeted towards the young, contemporary, educated, multi-faceted, achievement-driven and confident women who were positioned as the Vatika Woman. Positi oning ‘Total hair Care’ brand: The product innovation was fed by the vital consumer insight that many women in contemporary India are worried about hair problems caused by urban pollution, frequent change of diet due to geographical mobility and other factors. Beset by modern-day hair problems, they are far more inclined to rely on homegrown remedies.By offering hair oil that combined the benefits of natural products in a single pack, Vatika created a niche for itself as the ‘total hair care’ brand. â€Å"Natural† offering: Vatika is a brand that espouses traditional wisdom about health in a modern format. It believes that nature has perennial answers to day-to-day health issues, particularly when it comes to hair care and skin care. In a world where modern living causes untold stress the Vatika brand holds out the promise of providing natural ingredients that rejuvenate and safeguard the human body in an extraordinary way. This concept is put to wor k through contemporary, modern products, offered by Vatika.The Vatika woman: The Vatika woman is young, contemporary, educated, multi-faceted, achievement-driven and confident. It is in the Vatika brand that she sees a true reflection of her own personal ideals. Through creation of the concept of Vatika woman, it has tried to carve out a new positioning in the minds of the new age woman. MARKETING MIX OF VATIKA HAIR OIL Vatika Hair Oil has made a huge impact with its innovative product offering, pricing strategy, easy availability and promotion campaigns. In the marketing mix of Dabur, we shall be discussing the 4 Ps of marketing mix with respect to Vatika Hair Oil. The mix shall be analyzed as followed: †¢ Product †¢ Price †¢ Place †¢ Promotion Product |Price |Promotion |Place | |Product Variety |List Price |Advertising & Promotion |Channels | |Quality |Discount |Public Relations |Location | |Design |Financing Schemes |Sponsorships |Inventory | |Features |Credit Terms |Internet Marketing | | |Brand Names | | | | |Services | | | | 1. 27.PRODUCT: Brand Name: Vatika in Hindi means ‘garden’. The brand attempts to live up to the promises – beauty and nature – that are associated with its very name. Starting with these associations Vatika has assiduously built a brand that delivers on all these values through its various product offerings, the mother brand being Vatika Hair Oil. Innovative product offering: Vatika Hair Oil is coconut hair oil with special ingredients adding value to the product. While coconut oil has been regularly used by Indian women as a basic hair nutrient, a combination of herbs and natural products such as henna, amla and lemon have been used for special hair needs.Coconut hair oil provides nourishment to the hair, while henna along with other herbs coat the hair and protect it from oxidation, thereby maintaining its natural colour. Amla strengthens hair roots and helps maintain their natural hea lth and thickness. Lemon with its astringent action controls sebum flow and helps in prevention of dandruff. Apart from henna, amla and lemon, it also contains other natural ingredients like brahmi, neem, bahera, kapurkachari, harar, and ugdha and sugandhit dravyas. Packaging: The qualities of Vatika products, ascribed to the brand by hundreds of thousands of satisfied consumers, have been further underlined by its attractive packaging.In a category dominated by blue packs as analogous of pure coconut oils, Vatika broke the norm with its white and green bottle with a mushroom cap. The green-and-white colors, used in its packaging, reflect the brands’ natural ancestry and give it a premium look. These also help Vatika stand out in the cluttered environment of Indian retail. Available in: Bottles 75 ml, 150 ml, 300 ml Flip cans 150 ml, 300 ml Flip cans were introduced for the winter season. Quality: Vatika products contain natural ingredients that have been blended together thr ough scientific processes at Dabur’s in-house research laboratories. Dabur Research Foundation has more than 100 scientists working together to make superior quality products that match international standards. PRICE/QUALITY MATRIX Price> |High |Middle |Low | |Quality | | | | |v | | | | |High |Luxury Segment |Ideal For Penetration |Premiere Offering | | |VATIKA | | | |Middle |Overpriced |Average |Real Bargain | |Low |Make The Sale and Run |Unhappy Customers |Cheap Goods | PLACE Vatika products including Vatika Hair Oil are sold in 38 countries through more than 15 lakh retail outlets and 5,000 distributors who service the entire country through a wide marketing network. [pic] Dabur’s distribution network extends beyond India in the following countries as well: Distribution Network †¢ Central, North & South America †¢ Australia †¢ Asia †¢ Middle East †¢ North & South Africa †¢ East & West Europe 1. 28 Promotion Vatika – the key focus brand of the company – has always been well supported.The company realized early that, from the perspective of brand building, it was vital to invest in this brand. Vatika Hair Oil’s first promotion: It focused on the key benefit – beautiful hair without hair problems – that came about as a result of the extra nourishment through the value addition of henna, alma and lemon-derived additives. Creating conceptual awareness: In the initial phase of the communication, the marketing objective was to create conceptual awareness about the new product – the goodness of coconut oil enriched with natural herbs. Vatika was firmly established as the leader in the new category of value-added hair oils and its promotion campaign was so successful that the product segment itself came to be identified with Vatika.In 1997, the company created a new promotion campaign, which reinforced the obvious fact that most coconut oil brands were, not equipped to combat the e ffects of pollution, hard water and chemicals – the major causes of hair ailments and hair deterioration. STP Analysis of DABUR CHYAWANPRASH Segmentation Dabur Chyawanprash is the market leader in the Chyawanprash segment. It comes under the category of health supplements. The segments that it considers are growing kids, competitive youth, ever-busy housewives and the aged. For the growing kids: In today's competitive environment, the children are under high pressure to excel. For the competitive youth: Modern life keeps the youth busy and demands them to be active and efficient.For ever-busy housewives: The ‘homemaker' needs to be fit in order to shoulder all responsibilities. For the aged: Old age weakens a person physically and mentally. After segmenting the population into these categories it aims to keep them fit and healthy. TARGETING Traditionally, chyawanprash was supposed to be a health supplement for the aged and kids. Dabur Chyawanprash (DCP) is now targeting adults, housewives, youth and kids. This it is trying to achieve through its promotion activities by making Amitabh Bacchan and Vivek Oberoi do the endorsement act. Amitabh has been projected as a user of Chyawanprash attempting to establish the relevance of DCP amongst the adults in today’s demanding lifestyle.Vivek, who represents an urban ambitious non-user with a mindset that Chyawanprash is not for him, meets his moment of truth when outperformed by a young Chyawanprash user, thus reaching out to kids. His final conversion from a non-user to a Chyawanprash user connects with the Youth. These two ads complement each other and connect very well with the targeted consumers. POSITIONING â€Å"Andar se strong†: Dabur chyawanprash has the tag line â€Å"Andar se strong† By using a natural language instead of scientific language it is able to connect with the consumers and is able to achieve a better positioning in the minds of the Indian health conscious consume r. A category like Chyawanprash for instance needs to understand that in employing the category language it loses any chance of expressing its own benefit distinctively.Holistic Health benefit of Ayurveda: Dabur Chyawanprash helps in stimulating immune system, relieving stress, improving stamina, fighting aging through anti-oxidant property, improving lung function, fighting respiratory infections & building resistance to disease. The brand conveys this health conscious holistic view of the product. Brand Trust: Over 100 years of Dabur’s experience in Ayurveda ensures selection, processing and quality control of right herbs along with scientific and clinical studies – makes DCP a trustworthy offering for consumers. Consumers view DCP as a product by a trusted brand and therefore do not need to think twice before making a purchasing decision. 1. 29 MARKETING MIX FOR DABUR VATIKA HAIR OIL AND DABUR CHYAWANPRASH [pic] | | | | | | | | 1. 30. MARKETING MIX OF DABUR CHY AWANPRASH Dabur Chyawanprash is the market leader in the chyawanprash segment and has achieved this with its innovative product offering, pricing strategy, easy availability and promotion campaigns. In the marketing mix of Dabur, we shall be discussing the 4 Ps of marketing mix with respect to Dabur Chyawanprash. The mix shall be analyzed as followed: †¢ Product †¢ Price †¢ Place †¢ Promotion Product |Price |Promotion |Place | |Product Variety |List Price |Advertising & Promotion |Channels | |Quality |Discount |Public Relations |Location | |Design |Financing Schemes |Sponsorships |Inventory | |Features |Credit Terms |Internet Marketing | | |Brand Names | | | | |Services | | | | Product Dabur Chyawanprash is the leader in the Chyawanprash category and enjoys a market share of 61 per cent.In 50s Dabur pioneered the concept of branded Chyawanprash and since has invested heavily in product development, clinical studies and consumer awareness. The product is essential ly a health supplement. Known as the â€Å"elixir of life†, Chyawanprash has (clinically) proven benefits in maintaining smooth body functioning. The principal ingredient Amla (Indian Gooseberry) acts as an anti-oxidant and immune-stimulant. Dabur Chyawanprash helps in stimulating immune system, relieving stress, improving stamina, fighting aging through anti-oxidant property, improving lung function, fighting respiratory infections & building resistance to disease. It is these properties that make Dabur Chyawanprash a preferred choice for its users.Ingredients of Dabur Chyawanprash †¢ Vishwast Amla, Ashwagandha, Hareetaki, Dashmul, Ghrit and several other herbs and herbal extracts. †¢ Special Vishwast fortified with additional health beneficial herbs like   Keshar, Akarkara etc. Available in: Dabur Chyawanprash is available in three sizes to cater to the needs of different types of people. 1. One kilogram pack 2. 500 gram pack 3. 250 gram pack PRICE The pricing o f Dabur chyawanprash is very competitive. Dabur chyawanprash uses second-degree price discrimination i. e. more the quantity, lower the price. 1kg Rs. 175. 00 500gms Rs. 100. 00 250gms Rs. 55. 00 PRICE/QUALITY MATRIX Price> |High |Middle |Low | |Quality | | | | |v | | | | |High |Luxury Segment |Ideal For Penetration |Premiere Offering | | | |DABUR CHYAWANPRASH | | |Middle |Overpriced |Average |Real Bargain | |Low |Make The Sale and Run |Unhappy Customers |Cheap Goods |PLACE- Dabur has a very wide distribution of its products through 1. 6 million retail outlets and 50 C & F agents all over India who distribute products to the retailers. A distribution of C & F agents and manufacturing locations is given below. Dabur’s distribution network extends beyond India in the following countries as well: 1. 31. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS OF VATIKA The key competitor’s of Dabur in the Hair Oil segment are Keo Karpin, Emami, Bajaj, Marico, HLL, which together with Dabur have about 64% of India's domestic market. Dabur is one of India's largest players in the hair oil segment and the fourth largest producer of FMCG. It was established in 1884, and had grown o a business level in 2003 of about 650 million dollars per year. Dabur Hair Oils have a market share of 19%. We have tried to analyse the competition for Dabur in the Hair Care segment as follows:[pic] Keo Karpin, a fifty-year old brand, is a pioneer in the light hair oil category. The pleasantly perfumed hair oil has its main market in the Hindi belt and also has significant presence in eastern and western India. Its share is 6% of the total hair oil market. Emami has existence in hair oil market through Himani Navratan oil and Himani Oil. Emami has taken Madhuri Dixit as brand ambassador for emami oil and Amitabh Bachchan for Himami Navratan Oil. Overall it has a share of 4% in hair oil market.Bajaj has two flagship oil brands – Bajaj Brahmi Amla and Bajaj Almond Drops — currently have a value sha re of 19 per cent and 12 per cent in their respective oil categories as per ORG-Marg. Besides, the company has also decided to enhance its retail presence by nearly 20 per cent from the existing 5 lakh retail outlets in an attempt to reach the rural parts. Overall it has a market share of 4% in hair oil market. Marico’s Parachute is premium edible grade oil, a market leader in its category. Synonymous with pure coconut oil in the market, Parachute is positioned on the platform of purity. In fact over time it has become the gold standard for purity. Parachute's primary targets have been women of all age. The brand has a huge loyalty, not only in the urban sections of India but also in the rural sector.It has a market share of 28%. HLL has two products, Clinic plus Hair Oil and All Clear Clinic Hair Oil. Overall it has a 3% share in hair oil market. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS OF CHYAWANPRASH The key competitor’s of Dabur in the Chyawanprash segment are Baidyanath, Zandu and Him ani, which together with Dabur have about 85% of India's domestic market. Dabur is India's largest Ayurvedic medicine supplier and the fourth largest producer of FMCG. It was established in 1884, and had grown to a business level in 2003 of about 650 million dollars per year, though only a fraction of that is involved with Ayurvedic medicine. Dabur Chyawanprash (herbal honey) has a market share of 61%.We have tried to analyse the competition for Dabur in the Chyawanprash segment as follows: [pic] Sri Baidyanath Ayurvedic Bhawan Ltd. (Baidyanath for short) was founded in 1917 in Calcutta, and specializes in Ayurvedic medicines, though it has recently expanded into the FMCG sector w

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 19

I ran past the shanties set up around the circus through the deep woods, following the tracks of the wagon until I lost the vehicles scent completely at the outskirts of the city proper. A drunk was leaning against a brick building, whistling tunelessly. In a blind rage, I roughly fell to my knees and grabbed him, biting into his neck and sucking his blood before he even had time to gasp. It tasted bitter, but I kept drinking, gulping it in until I could stand no more. Sitting back on my heels, I wiped my mouth with the back of my hand, and looked around. Confusion and hatred coursed through my veins. Why couldnt I save Damon? Why had I just watched as Gallagher goaded the audience into placing even more bets, as the mountain lion pounced onto my brother? And why had Damon allowed himself to be captured and put me in this impossible position? I wished Id never insisted on turning him into a vampire in the first place. If he werent here and I were alone in the city, everything would be so much easier. Now I was trying to be a good brother, and a good vampire, and yet was failing at everything. I walked home, clomping up the steps to the house. I slammed the door, causing the hinges to rattle and one of the paintings in the parlor to fall on the floor with a clatter. Instantly, I saw Buxton glaring at me from the opposite side of the room, his eyes glittering in the darkness. â€Å"Is there some sort of problem youre having with the door?† he asked through clenched teeth. I tried to brush past him, but he blocked my path. â€Å"Excuse me,† I muttered, pushing him. â€Å"Excuse you,† Buxton said, crossing his arms over his chest. â€Å"Coming in as if you own the place. Stinking like humans. While Im not one to question Miss Lexi, I do think its time you show a little respect for her home, brother.† The wordbrotherawakened something within me. â€Å"Watch what you say,† I hissed, baring my teeth. But Buxton just chuckled. â€Å"Ill watch what I say when you watch how you act.† â€Å"Boys?† Lexi called from upstairs, her lilting voice a contrast to the tense scene. She glided down the stairs, her eyes softening with concern when they rested on me. â€Å"Is Damon ?† â€Å"Hes alive,† I muttered. â€Å"But I couldnt get to him.† Lexi perched on the edge of a rickety rocking chair, her eyes large and sympathetic. â€Å"Buxton, can you please get us some goats blood?† Buxtons eyes narrowed, but he shuffled out of the parlor and into the kitchen. In the living room, I could hear Hugo playing a lively French march on the piano. â€Å"Thanks,† I said, sinking into an overstuffed love seat. I didnt want goats blood. I wanted to gorge myself on gallons and gallons of human blood, drinking until I got sick and passed out in total oblivion. â€Å"Remember, hes strong,† Lexi said. â€Å"Im not worried about Buxton,† I said. â€Å"I meant your brother. If hes anything like you, hes strong.† I looked up at her. She came over and took my chin in her hand. â€Å"Thats what you have to believe. Its what I believe. The trouble with you is that you want everything done right away. Youre impatient.† I sighed. The last thing I needed was another lecture about how I had no sense of the way the real vampire world worked. Besides, I wasnt impatient. I was desperate. â€Å"You just need to think of another plan. One we can help with.† Lexi glanced over as Buxton entered, carrying a silver tray laden with two mugs. Buxton paused midstep. â€Å"Faut-il l'aider?† he asked in French. â€Å"Nous l'aiderons,† Lexi replied. Neither Lexi nor Buxton knew that Id learned French at my mothers knee; it was odd to listen to them speakabout whether to help me free Damon. I stared at my hands, which were still covered with crusted blood from my hunt earlier in the evening. Buxton banged the tray against the polished cherrywood table. â€Å"You will not put us in danger,† he growled, his fangs inches away from my neck. He shoved me with all his might against the wall, and the back of my head cracked against the fireplaces marble mantle. My Power took over, and I pushed his shoulders hard. But Buxton was older and stronger than I was, and he kept me pinned to the wall, his hands firmly against my chest. I could feel blood beginning to seep from my skull, where Id hit my head. â€Å"You selfish, ungrateful monster,† Buxton whispered, hatred dripping from his voice. â€Å"Ive seen vampires like you before. You think the world is yours for the taking. You dont care about others. You dont care who you kill. You give us a bad name.† I twisted and writhed, trying to escape his grip, when suddenly I felt the pressure release from my chest, followed by an enormous crash as Buxton fell to the floor. â€Å"Buxton,† Lexi lectured, staring at the prone body lying at her feet. â€Å"How many more centuries will it be before you learn how to treat a guest? And, Stefan, wont you agree with me that human blood simply doesnt agree with you? That behavior wasnt necessary.† Lexi shook her head like an annoyed schoolmarm. â€Å"Now, Ill drink my blood in peace. Be nice, boys,† she said as she glided out of the room, the mug of blood in her hands. How could she walk away so casually, knowing that my brother was out there imprisoned and tortured? I had come to depend on Lexi for many things, and support in finding and saving Damon was my only priority now. As if reading my mind, she paused at the archway to her quarters, glancing from one of us to the other. â€Å"If and when I say we help Damon, we will. Is that clear to both of you?† â€Å"Yes, Miss Lexi,† Buxton murmured as he slowly eased onto his knees then stood up. I nodded, barely containing my scowl.If? Buxton limped out of the room, but not before he threw one last glare in my direction. Suddenly the house felt too small, as though the walls, floors, and ceilings were pressing in at me from all sides. Letting out one last growl, I flew through the parlor, out the door, and back down to Lake Road.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection System Essays

Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection System Essays Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection System Paper Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection System Paper Intrusion detection solved. This paper begins with a review of the most well-known anomaly- based intrusion Anomaly detection detection techniques. Then, available platforms, systems under development and research IDS systems and platforms projects in the area are presented. Finally, we outline the main challenges to be dealt with Assessment for the wide scale deployment of anomaly-based intrusion detectors, with special emphasis on assessment issues. A 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are security tools that, like other measures such as antivirus software, firewalls and access control schemes, are intended to strengthen the security Of information and communication systems. Although, as shown in Kabuki and Giordano (2005) and Sobs (2006), several IDS approaches have been proposed in the specialized literature since the origins of this technology, two highly relevant works in this direction are Dinning (1987) and Stanford-Chem. et al. (1998). Noteworthy work has been carried out by CDC (Common Intrusion Detection Framework), a working group created by DARPA in 1 998 mainly oriented towards coordinating and defining a common framework in the IDS field. Integrated thin IETF in 2000, and having adopted the new acronym IDS (Intrusion Detection Working Group), the group defined a general IDS architecture based on the consideration of four types of functional modules (Fig. L): E blocks C Event-boxes): This kind of block is composed of sensor elements that monitor the target system, thus acquiring information events to be analyzed by other blocks. D blocks (Database-boxes): These are elements intended to store information from E blocks for subsequent processing by A and R boxes. A blocks (Analysis-boxes): Processing modules for analyzing events and detecting potential hostile behavior, so that some kind of alarm will be generated if necessary. * Corresponding author. Department of Signal Theory, Telemetric and Communications - ? Computer Science and Telecommunications Faculty, University of Granddad, C/ Periodical Daniel Sauced Rand, 18071 Granddad, Spain. Tell. : 958242305; fax: 958240831. E-mail addresses: [emailprotected] SE (P. Garcia a-Terror), [emailprotected] SE (J. Del AZ-Overdue), [emailprotected] SE (G. Maniac -Fern need), [emailprotected] did. Mum. SE (E. Va squeeze). 0167-4048/$ -? see front matter a 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Did:1 0. 016/j. cosec. 2008. 08. 003 19 A-box E-box D-box R;box Fig. 1 General CEDE architecture for IDS systems. R blocks Correspond-boxes): The main function of this type of block is the execution, if any intrusion occurs, of a response to thwart the detected menace. Other key contributions in the IDS field concern the definition of protocols for data exchange between components (e. G. IDS, Intrusion Detection exchange Protocol, RFC 4767), and the format considered for this (e. G. TIMED, Intrusion Detection MEssage Format, RFC 4765). Depending on the information source considered (E boxes in Fig. ), an IDS may be either host or network-based. A hostesses IDS analyzes events such as process identifiers and system calls, mainly related to SO information. On the other hand, a network-based IDS analyzes network related events: traffic volume, IP addresses, service ports, protocol usage, etc. This paper focuses on the latter type of IDS. Depending on the type of analysis carried out (A blocks in Fig. ), intrusion detection systems are classified as either signature-based or anomaly-based. Signature-based schemes (also denoted as misuse-based) seek defined patterns, or signatures, within the analyzed data. For this purpose, a signature database corresponding to known attacks is specified a priori. On the other hand, anomaly-based detectors attempt to estimate the normal behavior of the system to be protected, and generate an anomaly alarm whenever the deviation between a given observation at an instant and the normal behavior exceeds a predefined threshold. Another possibility is to model the abnormal behavior of the system and to raise an alarm when the difference between the observed behavior and the expected one falls below a given limit. Signature and anomaly-based systems are similar in terms f conceptual operation and composition. The main differences between these methodologies are inherent in the concepts of attack and anomaly. An attack can be defined as a sequence of operations that puts the security of a system at risk. An anomaly is just an event that is suspicious from the perspective of security. Based on this distinction, the main advantages and disadvantages of each IDS type can be pointed out. Signature-based schemes provide very good detection results for specified, well-known attacks. However, they are not capable of detecting new, unfamiliar intrusions, even if they are built as minimum Arians of already known attacks. On the contrary, the main benefit of anomaly-based detection techniques is their potential to detect previously unseen intrusion events. However, and despite the likely inaccuracy 2. A-NDIS techniques Although different A-NDIS approaches exist (Est. postoperative et al. , 2004), in general terms all of them consist of the following basic modules or stages (Fig. 2): Parameterization: In this stage, the observed instances of the target system are represented in a pre-established form. Training stage: The normal (or abnormal) behavior of the yester is characterized and a corresponding model is built. This can be done in very different ways, automatically or manually, depending on the type of A-NDIS considered (see classification below). Detection stage: Once the model for the system is available, it is compared with the (parameterized) observed traffic. If the deviation found exceeds (or is below, in the case of abnormality models) a given threshold an alarm will be triggered (Est. ;fez-Topiary et al. , 2004). According to the type of processing related to the behavioral model of the target system, anomaly Parameterization n formal signature specifications, the ra te of false positives (or UP, events erroneously classified as attacks; see Section 2) in anomaly-based systems is usually higher than in signatures ones. Given the promising capabilities of anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems (A-NDIS), this approach is currently a principal focus of research and development in the field of intrusion detection. Various systems with A-NDIS capabilities are becoming available, and many new schemes are being explored. However, the subject is far from mature and key issues remain to be solved before wide scale deployment of A-NDIS littorals can be practicable. Focusing, thus, on A-NDIS technologies, the rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the various algorithms proposed for anomaly detection. Then, existing A-NDIS platforms, either currently available or under development, and which include anomaly detection functionalities, are presented in Section 3. This constitutes a valuable contribution of the present paper in comparison with other published work. The fourth section discusses open issues and challenges in this field, with special emphasis on A-NDIS assessment. Finally, Section 5 summarizes the main mints of the paper. Monitored environment Training Model Detection Intrusion report Fig. 2 Generic A-NDIS functional architecture. 0 detection techniques can be classified into three main categories (Lacerative et al. , 2005) (see Fig. 3): statistically, knowledge- based, and machine learning-based. In the statistical-based case, the behavior of the system is represented from a random viewpoint. On the other hand, knowledge-based A-NDIS technique uses try to capture the claimed behavior from available system data (protocol specifications, network traffic instances, etc. ). Finally, aching learning A-NDIS schemes are based on the establishment of an explicit or implicit model that allows the patterns analyzed to be categorized. Two key aspects concern the evaluation, and thus the comparison, of the performance of alternative intrusion detection approaches: these are the efficiency of the detection process, and the cost involved in the operation. Without underestimating the importance of the cost, at this point the efficiency aspect must be emphasized. Four situations exist in this context, corresponding to the relation between the result of the detection for an analyzed event (normal vs.. Intrusion) and its actual nature (innocuous vs.. malicious). These situations are: false positive (UP), if the analyzed event is innocuous (or clean) from the perspective of security, but it is classified as malicious; true positive (HTTP), if the analyzed event is correctly classified as intrusion/malicious; false negative (FAN), if the analyzed event is malicious but it is classified A. L) A) Statistical based Multivariate Time series model 8. 1) B) Knowledge based 8. 2) 8. 3) c. 3) C) Machine learning based inebriate c. 5) c. 6) FSML Description languages Expert systems Bayesian networks Markova models Neural networks Fuzzy logic Genetic algorithms Clustering outlier detection Fig. 3 Classification of the anomaly detection techniques according to the nature of the processing involved in the behavioral model considered. As normal/innocuous; and true negative (TN), if the analyzed event is correctly classified as normal/innocuous. It is clear that low UP and FAN rates, together with high HTTP and TN rates, will result in good efficiency values. The fundamentals for statistical, knowledge and machine learning-based A-NDIS, as well as the principal subtypes of each, are described below. The main features of all are unmarried in Table 1 . Above and beyond other possibilities, the question of efficiency should be a prime consideration in selecting and implementing A- NDIS methodologies. 2. 1. Statistical-based A-NDIS techniques In statistical-based techniques, the network traffic activity is captured and a profile representing its stochastic behavior is created. This profile is based on metrics such as the traffic rate, the number of packets for each protocol, the rate of connections, the number of different IP addresses, etc. Two datasets of network traffic are considered during the anomaly detection process: one responds to the currently observed profile over time, and the other is for the previously trained statistical profile. As the network events occur, the current profile is determined and an anomaly score estimated by comparison Of the two behaviors. The score normally indicates the degree of irregularity for a specific event, such that the intrusion detection system will flag the occurrence of an anomaly when the score surpasses a certain threshold. The earliest statistical approaches, both network oriented and host oriented IDS, corresponded to inebriate models, which modeled the parameters as independent Gaussian madman variables (Dinning and Neumann, 1985), thus defining an acceptable range of values for every variable. Later, multivariate models that consider the correlations between two or more metrics were proposed (Ye et al. , 2002). These are useful because experimental data have shown that a better level of discrimination can be obtained from combinations of related measures rather than individually. Other studies have considered time series models (Detecting Hackers), which use an interval timer, together with an event counter or resource measure, and take into account the order and the enter-arrival times of the observations as well as their values. Thus, an observed traffic instance will be labeled as abnormal if its probability of occurrence is too low at a given time. Apart from their inherent features for use as unemployable techniques, statistical A-NDIS approaches have a number of virtues. Firstly, they do not require prior knowledge about the normal activity of the target system; instead, they have the ability to learn the expected behavior of the system from observations. Secondly, statistical methods can provide accurate notification of malicious activities occurring over long roods of time. However, some drawbacks should also be pointed out. First, this kind of A-NDIS is susceptible to be trained by an attacker in such a way that the network traffic generated during the attack is considered as normal. Second, setting the values of the different parameters/metrics is a difficult task, especially because the balance between false positives and false negatives is affected. Moreover, a statistical distribution per variable is assumed, but not all behaviors can be 21 Table 1 Fundamentals of the A-NDIS techniques Technique: basics A) Statistical-based: autistic behavior B) Knowledge-based: availability of prior knowledge/data C) Mach nine learning-based: categorization of patterns Pros Cons Us Betsey Prior knowledge about normal activity not required.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Arthur Clarke essays

Arthur Clarke essays Arthur C. Clarke, a science fiction author, has had a very interesting Arthur was born on December 16, 1917, in Minehead, England. He was the oldest of four children. His two brothers were Frederick and Michael, and his sister's name was Mary. As a child, he enjoyed science very much. He lived on a small farm, and enjoyed frequent trips to the nearby ocean. When he was 13 years old, he constructed his own telescope, and changed a bike light to transmit sound along the path of light it gave off. Arthur made his first literary connections by writing in the school newspaper. He attended elementary, Middle, and high school in his home town, and then later went to King's College in London, where he made honors in Math and After Arthur had finished college, he became a member of the Royal Air Force.Then later he became the assistant editor of Science Abstracts, a science magazine. After quitting his job as the assistant editor, he decided to become a Arthur has never been married, and still, to this day, is a bachelor. Clarke is a very successful writer. In fact, he is considered to be one of the most successful science fiction authors ever! He has written many books, including: Hammer of god; 2001, a space Odyssey; Prelude to Space; The Sands of Mars; Islands in the Sky; Against the Fall of Night; Childhood's End; Expedition to Earth; Going into Space; and Earthlight. Arthur has also written a few Nonfiction books, like Interplanetary Flight, and The Exploration of Space. Also, one day, he had an argument with a colleague, and said, When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong. Arthur has won many prestigious awards, including the UNESCO Kalinga Prize, The Franklin Institute gold med ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

How to Analyze Data Graphics on SAT Reading and Writing

How to Analyze Data Graphics on SAT Reading and Writing SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On both the Reading and Writing sections of the SAT, there are questions that incorporate graphs, charts, and tables. On the Reading section, the Official SAT Study Guide refers to these questions as "interpreting data presented in informational graphics." On the Writing section, they're referred to as "drawing connections between words and data." Both question types contribute to your Command of Evidence subscore. For the purposes of brevity and clarity, I'll call the Reading and Writing questions that use data and graphics quantitative questions. In this article, I'll explain the different types of quantitative questions on Reading and Writing. Furthermore, I'll give you example questions and strategies to help you correctly answer quantitative questions on the SAT. Quantitative Questions on the SAT There are quantitative questions on both the Reading and Writing sections of the SAT. Typically, there will be about 3-6 quantitative questions on Reading and 1-2 on Writing. If you understand the different types of quantitative questions and practice understanding how data is presented on the SAT, you should be able to correctly answer these questions. I'll walk you through the three major types of quantitative questions on Reading and Writing, and I’ll provide a step-by-step approach for answering each type of question. Type #1: Data Questions These are direct questions that test you on whether you can read the information that’s presented. They're the most straightforward quantitative questions. I’ll provide examples and guidance for how to answer these questions. On these types of questions, the first step is to carefully read the graph. Make sure you understand what it's showing and how the information is being displayed. Then, determine what the question is asking. These questions are fairly basic, so you're most likely to make a mistake by either misinterpreting the graph or the question. Finally, you need to refer back to the graph to locate the answer. The information on the graph will directly support your answer choice. Let's take a look at a couple of examples of these types of questions. SAT Examples Follow the steps I provided to answer this data question from a practice SAT. Before attempting to answer the question, familiarize yourself with the graph. You’re most likely to make a mistake by rushing or being careless and reading the graph incorrectly. Make sure you understand each component of the graph. The graph is comparing regular coffee profits to fair trade coffee profits over time. The top line with the unshaded circles is graphing the profits of fair trade coffee. The bottom line with the shaded circles is graphing the profits of regular coffee. The X-axis, or horizontal line, shows the year and the Y-axis, or vertical line, is the amount of profit in US cents per pound. Next, let’s look at the question and determine what it’s asking. The question is asking us to identify the time period when the difference between profits from fair trade and those from regular coffee was largest. Refer back to the graph to find the answer. On the graph, the period when the difference between the profits was largest corresponds with the points on the graph where the distance between the top line and the bottom line is the largest. Quickly, you can see that the largest difference between the profits occurred during 2002-2004. The correct answer is B. If you didn’t realize the distance between the lines corresponded with the difference between the profits, you could have identified the profits for fair trade and regular coffee from the graph for each answer choice and calculated the difference between them. This would be a longer process, but you would still arrive at the correct answer. Here's another example of this type of question. Remember to follow all the necessary steps to answer the question. Again, let’s take a look at the graph first. The graph is showing changes in the depth of isotherms over a 24- hour period. The X-axis is the time of day, and the Y-axis is the depth below the surface in meters. The top line in the graph represents the isotherm of 13 degrees Celsius. The lines below represent the isotherms of , 10, and 9 degrees. Now, we’ll determine what the question is asking. We have to identify the isotherm that shows an increase in depth during the period 19:12 to 20:24. At this point, we’ll refer back to the graph to find our answer. If you take a look at the Y-axis, you’ll notice that a lower point on the Y-axis corresponds with a greater depth below the surface. Therefore, to answer our question, we need to find the isotherm in which its line moves down from 19:12 to 20:24. The only isotherm that shows a downward trajectory from 19:12 to 20:24 is 13 degrees Celsius. The correct answer is D. Steven Depolo/Flickr Type #2: Interpreting Data These questions require you to draw a conclusion or support a statement based on the data. You have to be able to determine what the information means. For these questions, it's easiest to go through the answer choices to determine which one is accurate based on the data. First, again, make sure you know what the question is asking. After you understand the question, look through the answer choices. For each answer choice, refer to the data to conclude whether or not the graphical information supports the answer choice. If the data doesn't support the statement in the answer choice, eliminate that choice. Continue to eliminate answers until you find the correct one. Follow these steps on the following SAT example questions. SAT Examples Check out this interpreting data question from the Reading section. We have to use the information from the graph to determine which statement is true. Again, for these questions, it’s easiest to go through the answer choices to determine which one is supported by the data. Let’s start with answer choice A and refer to the first figure. We have to determine if the number of students using public transportation is greater than the number of retirees using public transportation. From the pie graph, we can see that 10.7% of passengers are students and only 6.7% are retirees. The figure does support answer choice A. We can quickly go through the other choices to ensure that A is correct. For answer choice B, employed people are 72% and unemployed people are only 6.4% of passengers; therefore B is untrue. For answer choice C, homemakers are only 2% of passengers and those employed outside the home are 72%, so C is untrue. For answer choice D, in the figure, there is no mention of how often various groups use public transportation. The figure graphs the occupations of the passengers, but it says nothing about the frequency with which they use public transportation. Therefore, D is not supported by Figure 1, and the correct answer is A. Let’s try one more interpreting data question from the Writing section: Based on the sentence from the passage, we have to determine what happens when Empire apples are treated with 1-MCP. The dark bars represent apples that were treated with 1-MCP. Let’s go through the answer choices to see which one is true based on the data in the graph. For each answer choice, we'll refer back to the graph to see if the statement is an accurate interpretation of the data in the graph. Answer choice A is wrong because the graph shows that Empire apples experience almost 50% browning after being treated with 1-MCP and placed immediately in a controlled atmosphere. Answer choice B appears to be true. The data indicate that roughly 50% of the apple flesh browned with 1-MCP treated apples placed in the open air and those immediately placed in a controlled atmosphere. The dark bar on the right is a little more than 50%, and the dark bar on the left is a little less than 50%. Answer choice C is incorrect because both dark bars show that there is browning. Answer choice D is wrong because there is more browning with 1-MCP apples that are stored in the open air than there is with apples that weren’t treated with 1-MCP and stored in the open air. The correct answer is B. Side Stage Collective/Flickr Type #3: Combining Data With Information From the Passage These questions require you to understand the data and what’s written in the passage. You have to decide if the data supports information in the passage and vice versa. Often, you can answer these questions with just the data or only a basic understanding of the passage. Like all quantitative questions, first make sure that you comprehend the passage. Then, similar to the interpreting data questions, you have to go through the answer choices to determine if the data support the answer choice. Finally, you may have to refer to the passage to ensure that both the data and the passage reflect an answer choice before you make your selection. Check out these examples from practice SATs. SAT Examples Here’s an example from the Writing section: First, we must determine what the question is asking. Based on the map, we must figure out which term is heard in the middle and western portions of the US, which term is used in the south, and which term is used in the northeastern and southwestern US. The terms should be placed in order: middle and western US first, south next, and then northeastern and southwestern US. Next, let’s look at the map to determine which terms are used in the different regions. In the middle and west, â€Å"pop† is the popular term. The dark shaded color in that area corresponds with use of the word â€Å"pop.† In the south,â€Å"coke† is the term of choice. The diagonal lines in that area correspond with using the word â€Å"coke.† Finally, in the northeastern and southwestern US, â€Å"soda† is the word commonly used as indicated by the lightly shaded area. Therefore, the answer should be â€Å"pop,† â€Å"coke,† â€Å"soda." Look at the answer choices to find the correct answer. The correct answer is C.Here's one more example from the Reading section: Because the correct answer has to be supported by the passage and the graph, we can first eliminate the answer choices that are not supported by the graph.Answer choice A can be eliminated because the graph doesn’t provide any information about salinity. Based on the graph alone, you may not know which layers of water are denser, so for now, we’ll leave answer choice B. Answer choice C can be eliminated, because the graph indicates that the colder bands are lower.Based on the graph, answer choice D is correct. None of the waves go above 0 meters. We’re left with B and D. Now we can go to the passage to see which choice is supported by the passage. Let’s start with B. This is taken directly from the passage: The passage states that colder water is denser, and the graph shows that the colder water is below the warmer water. Therefore, B can’t be correct. Now let’s confirm that D is the right answer. These are the first 3 sentences of the passage: The passage clearly states that internal waves are underwater, and the graph shows that the internal waves never rise above 0 meters. The correct answer is D. Strategies for Quantitative Questions on Reading and Writing Here are some tips to keep in mind that will help you with the quantitative questions on Reading and Writing. Ignore the Data in the Passage Until You’re Answering the Related Questions If you see a graph or chart in a passage, disregard it until you attempt to answer the questions based on the data. You’ll have to refer back to the graph or chart when you’re answering the questions, so you don’t have to waste time looking at the data beforehand. Familiarize Yourself With the Data Before Answering the Question Before selecting an answer to a quantitative question, understand each component of the graph or chart. Know what’s being measured and exactly how it’s being measured. Make sure to read the labels and scales. If you incorrectly identify what's being measured on the x-axis or y-axis of a graph, then you're likely to get the question wrong. Similarly, if you don't correctly determine what each bar or line is measuring in a graph, you'll have difficulty correctly answering the quantitative questions. When Answering Questions That Ask You to Interpret the Data, Go Through the Answer Choices to Determine the Correct Answer For questions that ask you to identify which statement is true based on the data, go through each statement to see if it’s supported by the data. If one of the answer choices makes a claim that is either proven incorrect by the data or can't be directly supported by the data, then you should eliminate that answer choice. The correct answer will be the only one that is definitively proven by the graphical information. Oftentimes, there will be an answer that seems plausible, but it can only be the correct answer if it's supported by the evidence. Only Refer Back to the Passage if Necessary For most quantitative questions, you can rely solely on the data to answer the question. If you have to go back to the passage to confirm your answer choice, do as much as you can with the just the data to eliminate answer choices before referring to the passage. This will save you time. What's Next? Quantitative questions first appeared on the SAT in March of 2016. Find out how the Reading and Writing sections have changed. Also, you may want to learn how to excel on the SAT essay. Finally, learn from a perfect scorer how to get a 1600 on the SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Our Event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Our Event - Essay Example The decision to make the subject matter of the occasion to be global was reached upon putting into consideration political, social and economic factors. This was mainly because were from diverse backgrounds and regions of the globe. Our duty was to enhance the success of the occasion and as a result get rid of more or less 80 tickets. Nearly each day of the week, we had meeting with the members which was aimed at deciding the whole thing in an orderly manner and certainly for sure this was to form the most significant portion of organizing a fruitful happening which was how to sale extra tickets. The whole plan was to have a kind of advertising in areas around that place including shopping centers and municipality centers where it is most convenient to get connected to new people from different social classes, values and ethnic groups who might be in a position to pay attention to that occurrence. Each day of the week information was placed on social networks including face book and communication was done through mail to people we had never met before detailing them on the happening and if fascinated they could purchase the tickets. We positioned a piece of writing on the home daily paper. In an effort to ensure the success of the event, we had two promotions within our shopping center. For the first point in time when we arrived at the shopping center, a lottery was organized giving anyone an opportunity to participate with two tickets for our global daylight tea. This was a chance to create a center of attention for extra individuals to place their names, e-mails and telephone numbers. At the end of that day, we had succeeded in attracting 60 people in our lottery. It was one of our victorious days of the week as we had caught the attention of roughly 60 people who were extremely paying attention to our occasion, we had a

Womens Rights in the 1930s. A decade of setbacks Research Paper

Womens Rights in the 1930s. A decade of setbacks - Research Paper Example It provides that â€Å"The rights of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex†. Thus began the 1920s on an optimistic note. Women’s suffrage was seen as a new start for equal rights for women and the increase of mainstreaming of women’s voices in policy decisions and strategies. The Great Depression and its impact However, the crash of the stock market in 1929 brought the economy into a tailspin and short-circuited women’s rights’ progress. During The Great Depression of the 1930s employment rates declined and women came to be perceived as the ones to forsake their claim on employment to give way to men. According to the 1930 census almost eleven million women, or 24.3 percent of all women in the country, were gainfully employed. Three out of every ten of these working women were in domestic or personal service Three-quarters of the professional women were school teachers or nurses. Women in the 1930s in fact entered the workforce at a rate twice that of men—primarily because employers were willing to hire them at reduced wages. For the most part women worked long hours for low wages in the 1930s. More than half of all employed women worked for more than fifty hours a week, and more than one-fifth worked for more than fifty-five hours (Cabell Phillips, 1969). So while large numbers of women worked during the Depression, their status actually decreased (Moran, M.1989). The American Federation of Labor was established for organized, skilled, craft workers, and most women still held unskilled factory jobs thus they were excluded from unionization. The American Federation of Labor did not see the need to include women and neither did the majority of the population. Instead of employment and benefits to male and female alike, women were shuttled back into the home, to be protected and sentimentalized over once again. Altered perception In the depression years of the 1930s women were portrayed in the home. Peggy Preston writes in her paper Advertising's Portrayal of Women in the Workplace from the 1930s to the 1950s ,†To reinforce the concern of society to get women out of the workplace, advertisements portrayed women at home, in the kitchen or with the children. Advertisements portraying men, on the other hand, placed men in the workplace. "He is working to improve your model," declares a 1935 Time magazine advertisement which pictures a man working upon an engine for General Motors which has not yet been perfected. In April of 1930† Some women did come to prominence in the 1930s. Frances Perkins was named the first woman cabinet member in President Franklin Delano Roosevelt tenure but she herself asserted that married women ought not to shirk their responsibilities to their families by seeking outside employment. Josephine McGowan (1931) commented â€Å"In ten years, we have seen the political potential ities of women voters recognized by farseeing politicians who have rather grudgingly in many instances taken them into the councils of their parties, making them vice-chair of this or that local or state national committee; for the time has not yet arrived when men will voluntarily entrust to women the actual dispensation of party authority or patronage†. Decrease in Status So while large numbers of women worked, eleven million in all (Cabell Phillips, 1969), during the Depression, their status actually decreased. During the 1930s, the percentage of master's degrees and doctorates earned by women dropped significantly. While female university education increased substantially, those who attended college found the formerly high quality comprehensive education

Friday, October 18, 2019

What are the effects of enforced codes in our society Essay

What are the effects of enforced codes in our society - Essay Example However, there are also codes that are enforced by virtue of principles that do not necessarily provide benefits to the individuals. These often come as offshoots of certain principles that emphasize more on the supposed well-being of society when, in fact, are not beneficial for its members. Many of these are hidden in the seemingly good intentions of the basic and secondary school systems as well as in the manner that parents raise their children. Unfortunately, these happen to be the enforced codes that are most influential to young individuals. Concepts regarding the existence and effect of such enforced codes are discussed John Taylor Gatto’s Against Schools and in Michael Kimmel’s Bros before Hos: The Guy Code. Both Gatto and Kimmel raise the points of these rules in the school and in the home respectively. Gatto explains that the public system in the US is producing individuals who are schooled but not educated, people who are much easier compelled into submissio n to authorities, whether state or corporate, due to the lack of analytical capabilities. On the other hand, Kimmel argues that the initial phase of the development of the sexist concept of masculinity is right at the point of boyhood, that this is further reinforced by the popular notions on male bonding and interaction, and that this has also led to certain emotional weaknesses of the male. Both discuss the enforcement of certain codes that have profound effects on the individuals and ultimately on society itself. While Gatto expounds on the instilling of the wrong kind of attitude and the mis-education of American public school students through state school policies, Kimmel writes about the upholding of the concepts that are unhealthy emotionally and socially. The enforced codes channeled through the schools and homes are far more powerful than those done through laws written by any other institution to which individuals belong. Such

Cross-cultural management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cross-cultural management - Research Paper Example e Australians, Filipino Australians and Afghani Australians, all have completely distinct cultural background and they find themselves in greatest of the difficulties in coping up with the working condition that are supplied to them. It is recommended that the Lebanese Australians should adopt that culture, which is based on individualism such that each individual would then be held responsible for his/her own act. Conversely, native managers should also bring flexibility in their own behavior and attitude when dealing with the members of immigrant groups and allow them to interact and understand more with the members of those communities in order to mitigate the cultural barriers. The concept of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) is becoming quite popular especially among those groups which have migrated from different parts of the world to Australia. Among those groups, the major groups are Lebanese Australians, Filipino Australians, and Afghani Australians. Since Lebanon, Philippine and Afghanistan are all fundamentally diverse countries as compared to Australia especially in respect of culture and language, therefore, their immigrants also face severe problem in their cultural and linguistic dynamics while residing in Australia. The cultural and linguistic issues have trapped these communities into serious dilemmas as how to interact with the native Australians. At times, they feel it is better to surpass their own recognition, values and beliefs, working styles, and many other cultural and linguistic prospects, mingle around with the natives and follow their ways like a famous quote â€Å"Do what the Romans do†. Conversely, they also perc eive that while adopting the culture of native Australians, they may encounter serious problems and may not adjust easily with the natives as well as may not feel comfortable doing what natives do. To be more specific, the arguments are placed in respect of the cultural context whether to adopt culture based on